Figure 2

Known groups validity: summary of mean PDI-4 subscale scores in cohorts diagnosed with other rating scales. Abbreviations: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; CAARS-S = Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale Self Report; Depress = depression; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; HADS-A = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale; MDE = major depressive episode; MDQ = Mood Disorder Questionnaire; PDI-4 = Provisional Diagnostic Instrument; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire. P-values are from contrasts among the cohorts (comparing to the left most histogram bar) from the ANOVA model with the corresponding PDI-4 scale as the dependent variable and the following independent variables in the model: diagnostic cohorts, age, gender, and race. The Diagnostic Cohorts variable was a categorical grouping of patients into 3 categories: 1) patients meeting the corresponding cutoff score (PHQ-9 score ≥ 12 if PDI-4 MDE is the dependent variable, HADS-A score ≥ 14 if PDI-4 GAD is the dependent variable, CAARS-S score ≥ 28 if PDI-4 ADHD is the dependent variable, or MDQ score ≥ 7 with functioning item score of ≥ 3 if PDI-4 Mania is the dependent variable); 2) patients not meeting the cutoff score for the corresponding disease but who do meet at least 1 of the other 3 cutoff scores (denoted by “comorbidity” in the graphs); and 3) patients not meeting the cutoff score for the corresponding disease or any of the other 3 diagnoses.