Table 4 Follow-up after abnormal PSA values
Reference number | Country | PSA Cut off (ng/ml) | Referral (%) | Repeat test (%) | No action (%) | PSA > 10 referral (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Database studies | ||||||
[14] | USA | PSA ≥ 4 | 51.9 | 48 | ||
Age-specific cut off: | 58 | 42 | ||||
6.5 (≥ 75 yr) | ||||||
[24] | Spain | PSA ≥ 4 | 31 | 69 | ||
[21] | USA | PSA ≥ 4 | 86 | 56.1 | 100 | |
Survey studies | ||||||
[23] | UK | PSA ≥ 3 | 18.2 | 15.7 | 67 | 82.7 |
PSA ≥ 4 | 30 | |||||
Mean (calculated) | 28.6 | 71.4 | ||||
50–59 yr: 6.2 | ||||||
70–84 yr: 13 | ||||||
[18] | France | NS | 10.5 | |||
[26] | UK | Median (calculated) | ||||
45 yr: 4.5 | ||||||
55 yr: 5.5 | ||||||
65 yr: 6.5 | ||||||
75 yr: 6.5 | ||||||
85 yr: 7.5 | ||||||
[7] | Denmark | mean 5 (calculated) | ||||
[6] | Ireland | median 5.4 (calculated) | 55 | |||
[15]* | UK | NS | 28 | |||
[19] | USA | NS | 33 | 93 | ||
[22] | UK | PSA > 4 | 85.8 | |||
GPs | 78.4 | |||||
General surgeons | 85.3 | |||||
Geriatricians | 100 | |||||
FHSA | ||||||
[17] | Japan | PSA > 4 | 73 | 20 | ||
[16] | USA | PSA 4-10 | Age specific: | |||
50–59 years: 69 | ||||||
60–69 years: 67 | ||||||
70–74 years: 58 | ||||||
75–79 years: 52 | ||||||
≥ 80 years: 45 | ||||||
[20] | USA | NS | Most doctors refer with PSA 4-10 | 13 | ||
[25] | USA | PSA > 4 | 67.8 |