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Table 1 Classification of the gaps/barriers identified in the targeted countries/region.

From: International challenges without borders: a descriptive study of family physicians' educational needs in the field of diabetes

  

Country/Region

Type

 

Phase of the Continuum of Care

Themes: Gaps and barriers

Austria

Canada

Germany

UK

Knowledge

Skill

Attitude

Behaviour

Context

References

Condition

Pathophysiology of diabetes

X

 

X

X

X

    

EIMSED-NA

Diagnosis

Diagnosis criteria

 

X

X

X

 

X

X

  

AXDEV-NA, BMJ-GAP, [47, 48]

 

Pre-diabetes

  

X

X

 

X

   

BMJ-GAP, [43]

 

Lack of screening

 

X

    

X

X

X

AXDEV-NA

Testing

Assessment of treatment targets

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

  

AXDEV-NA, BMJ-GAP, [30–32, 40, 49, 50]

Treatment

Explaining drugs' modes of action

X

 

X

X

X

X

   

BMJ-GAP, EIMSED-NA, [48]

 

Decision-making in therapies

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

 

AXDEV-NA, BMJ-GAP, EIMSED-NA, [48, 51–54]

 

Treatment guidelines

X

 

X

X

X

    

EIMSED-NA, [34, 35, 55]

 

Insulin therapy

X

 

X

X

X

X

X

  

BMJ-GAP, EIMSED-NA, [36, 37, 56]

Management

Adherence

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

X

AXDEV-NA, EIMSED-NA, [38, 39]

 

Management of complications

X

 

X

X

X

X

X

X

 

BMJ-GAP, EIMSED-NA, [41, 57–59]

 

Lifestyle changes

 

X

X

X

 

X

X

  

AXDEV-NA, BMJ-GAP, [43, 44, 60]

 

Patient education

 

X

X

 

X

X

   

AXDEV-NA-NA, BMJ-GAP-GAP, [44]

 

Blood pressure control

 

X

     

X

 

[61]

 

Tele-monitoring

 

X

    

X

 

X

[62]

 

Computerization of management

 

X

    

X

X

X

[2]

 

Psychological care

 

X

 

X

X

X

X

X

 

AXDEV-NA, [63]

 

Motivation for long-term follow-ups

 

X

   

X

X

X

 

AXDEV-NA

 

Interprofessional teamwork

 

X

  

X

 

X

  

[48]

 

Lack of secondary support

   

X

    

X

[64]

Referral

Suboptimal team integration

 

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

 

BMJ-GAP, [45, 47, 48]

Context

Bureaucracy

X

X

X

X

   

X

X

AXDEV-NA, EIMSED-NA

 

Long waiting lists

 

X

      

X

[65]

 

Care for the aboriginal population

 

X

      

X

[40]

 

Access and cost

 

X

      

X

[40, 65, 66]

 

Third party payers

X

 

X

X

    

X

EIMSED-NA, [67]

Other

Physicians' resistance to change

   

X

  

X

X

 

[54]

 

Lack of resources

   

X

    

X

[54]

 

Physicians' bias towards obesity

 

X

    

X

  

[68]

 

Disengagement of patients

 

X

   

X

X

  

AXDEV-NA

 

Provider-Patient relationships

 

X

   

X

X

X

 

AXDEV-NA

  1. Note: Gaps and barriers presented in bold are those that were common in at least 3 of the 4 targeted countries.
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BMC Primary Care

ISSN: 2731-4553

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