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Table 1 Depressive symptoms by patient characteristics and test for interaction for patient characteristics and sex

From: The association between intimate partner violence, alcohol and depression in family practice

 

N

Mean

(SD)

Diff

(95% CI)

P-value

Interaction term

P-value

Gender

        

   Male

2491

9.76

(10.08)

Ref

    

   Female

4991

10.9

(10.53)

1.03

(0.51, 1.54)

< 0.001

  

Age group (Years)

        

   18-24

323

14.4

(11.44)

Ref

   

0.18

   25-34

842

12.54

(10.82)

-1.84

(-3.15, -0.52)

< 0.001

-3.39

 

   35-44

1443

11.15

(10.88)

-3.10

(-4.34, -1.86)

 

-2.88

 

   45-54

1763

10.83

(10.90)

-3.47

(-4.69, -2.25)

 

-2.50

 

   55-64

1694

9.67

(9.95)

-4.59

(-5.81, -3.36)

 

-3.02

 

   65-75

1361

8.37

(8.48)

-5.87

(-7.12, -4.61)

 

-1.68

 

Ever afraid of partner

        

   Not ever afraid

6042

9.23

(9.36)

Ref

    

   Ever afraid of partner

1202

16.49

(12.55)

7.14

(6.52, 7.76)

< 0.001

-2.5

0.003

Hazardous drinking

        

   No

6218

10.01

(10.09)

Ref

    

   Yes

1228

12.93

(11.42)

2.97

(2.34, 3.60)

< 0.001

1.41

0.03

Current smoker

        

   No

6107

9.55

(9.56)

Ref

    

   Yes

1357

14.76

(12.58)

5.12

(4.52, 5.72)

< 0.001

-1.1

0.09

Marital status

        

   Never married/single

1334

13.46

(11.63)

Ref

 

< 0.001

 

0.01

   Widowed/divorced/aaseparated

1312

13.38

(12.28)

-0.11

(-0.88, 0.66)

 

-1.37

 

   Married

4770

8.9

(9.04)

-4.51

(-5.14, -3.89)

 

0.82

 

Sexuality

        

   Exclusively heterosexual

6803

10.16

(10.21)

Ref

    

   Not exclusively heterosexual

354

14.65

(11.76)

4.44

(3.31, 5.57)

< 0.001

2.35

0.05

Lives alone

        

   No

6476

10.11

(10.05)

Ref

    

   Yes

996

13.17

(12.05)

3.09

(2.40, 3.78)

< 0.001

-3.82

< 0.001

Employment status

        

   Employed/Student

4802

9.93

(9.87)

Ref

 

< 0.001

 

0.75

   Not employed/not in paid employment

2274

9.89

(9.72)

0.07

(-0.44, 0.57)

 

-0.06

 

   Unable to work

401

20.85

(13.85)

11.01

(9.98, 12.04)

 

0.77

 

Highest level of education

        

   Completed year 12 or less

4182

11.07

(10.57)

Ref

 

< 0.001

 

0.57

   Certificate or diploma

1566

10.53

(10.64)

-0.71

(-1.31, -0.11)

 

0.65

 

   Bachelor degree or higher

1718

9.1

(9.52)

-2.18

(-2.79, -1.57)

 

0.41

 

Pension or benefit main

source of income

        

   No

5518

9.6

(9.60)

Ref

    

   Yes

1890

13.11

(12.06)

3.62

(3.08, 4.16)

< 0.001

-0.28

0.62

GP location

        

   Urban (RRMA 1 & 2)

5063

10.56

(10.46)

Ref

    

   Rural (RRMA 3-5)

2433

10.42

(10.22)

-0.14

(-1.22, 0.95)

0.81

-0.55

0.32

Country of birth

        

   Other

1384

10.51

(10.20)

Ref

  

-0.11

0.86

   Australia

6093

10.53

(10.43)

0.11

(-0.50, 0.72)

0.72

  

Long term illness/health

problem or disability

        

   No

4964

8.81

(9.06)

Ref

    

   Yes

2363

14.06

(12.00)

5.33

(4.83, 5.82)

< 0.001

-1.64

0.002

Health rating

        

   Excellent

763

5.4

(6.79)

Ref

 

< 0.001

 

0.05

   Very good

2782

7.37

(7.69)

2.04

(1.28, 2.78)

 

1.53

 

   Good

2644

11.54

(10.00)

6.18

(5.42, 6.94)

 

2.07

 

   Fair

1012

17.19

(12.28)

11.9

(11.02, 12.79)

 

0.37

 

   Poor

206

25

(14.18)

19.6

(18.19, 21.08)

 

1.83

 
  1. Ref = reference category for patient characteristics
  2. SD = Standard deviation
  3. Difference in mean depressive symptoms (Diff), respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values calculated using mixed effects linear regression using restricted maximum likelihood estimation (REML), treating GP practice as a random effect
  4. Interaction term for each patient characteristic and sex and related p-value