Demographic characteristics (n=2508) | Mean | SD | n | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 56.6 | 10.67 | Â | Â |
30 – 39 |  |  | 158 | 6.3 |
40 – 49 |  |  | 458 | 18.3 |
50 – 59 |  |  | 891 | 35.5 |
60 – 69 |  |  | 728 | 29.0 |
70 – 79 |  |  | 238 | 9.5 |
≥ 80 |  |  | 35 | 1.4 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | Â | Â | 975 | 38.9 |
Female | Â | Â | 1533 | 61.1 |
Ethnicity a | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Malay | Â | Â | 1282 | 51.2 |
Chinese | Â | Â | 438 | 17.5 |
Asian Indian | Â | Â | 787 | 31.3 |
Highest Educational Level | Â | Â | Â | Â |
None | Â | Â | 285 | 11.4 |
Never completed primary school | Â | Â | 423 | 16.9 |
Completed primary school | Â | Â | 519 | 20.7 |
Never completed secondary school | Â | Â | 462 | 18.4 |
Completed secondary school | Â | Â | 523 | 20.9 |
A-Level/STPM/HSC | Â | Â | 184 | 7.3 |
Tertiary | Â | Â | 112 | 4.5 |
Monthly household income (MHI) in Malaysian Ringgit (MYR b ) | 1,974.6 | 1,869.12 | Â | Â |
< 400 | Â | Â | 114 | 4.5 |
400 – 699 |  |  | 277 | 11.0 |
700 – 999 |  |  | 313 | 12.5 |
1000 – 1999 |  |  | 798 | 31.8 |
2000 – 2999 |  |  | 510 | 20.3 |
3000 – 3999 |  |  | 207 | 8.3 |
4000 – 4999 |  |  | 105 | 4.2 |
≥ 5000 |  |  | 184 | 7.3 |
Marital Status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Never married | Â | Â | 71 | 2.8 |
Married/Cohabiting | Â | Â | 2048 | 81.7 |
Divorced/Separated/Widowed | Â | Â | 389 | 15.5 |
Current Job Status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Civil servant | Â | Â | 227 | 9.0 |
Private Sector employee | Â | Â | 448 | 17.8 |
Self-employed | Â | Â | 171 | 6.8 |
Government retiree | Â | Â | 210 | 8.4 |
Private retiree | Â | Â | 158 | 6.3 |
Studying and working | Â | Â | 2 | 0.2 |
Student | Â | Â | 2 | 0.1 |
Housewife | Â | Â | 781 | 31.1 |
Unemployed | Â | Â | 509 | 20.3 |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 27.83 | 5.395 | Â | Â |
Underweight (< 18.5) | Â | Â | 28 | 1.1 |
Normal (≥ 18.5 - < 25.0) |  |  | 751 | 29.9 |
Overweight (≥ 25.0 - < 30.0) |  |  | 1034 | 41.2 |
Obese (≥ 30.0) |  |  | 695 | 27.7 |
Abdominal Obesity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | Â | Â | 540 | 21.5 |
Yes | Â | Â | 1968 | 78.5 |
Serum Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.03 | 0.878 | Â | Â |
< 5.2 | Â | Â | 1767 | 70.5 |
≥ 5.2 |  |  | 741 | 29.5 |
HbA1c (%) a | 8.36 | 2.038 | Â | Â |
≤8.5 |  |  | 1537 | 61.3 |
>8.5 | Â | Â | 970 | 38.7 |
Duration of Diabetes (years) | 7.7 | 6.26 | Â | Â |
< 2 yrs | Â | Â | 206 | 8.2 |
2 - < 10 yrs | Â | Â | 1521 | 60.6 |
10 - < 20 yrs | Â | Â | 586 | 23.4 |
≥ 20 yrs |  |  | 195 | 7.8 |
Co-morbidity c | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | Â | Â | 530 | 21.1 |
Yes | Â | Â | 1978 | 78.9 |
Psychiatric illness in family | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | Â | Â | 2484 | 99.0 |
Yes | Â | Â | 24 | 1.0 |
Diabetes in family | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | Â | Â | 661 | 26.4 |
Yes | Â | Â | 1847 | 73.6 |
Life events within the last 6 months | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | Â | Â | 1373 | 54.7 |
Yes | Â | Â | 1135 | 45.3 |
Smoking status †|  |  |  |  |
Non-smoker | Â | Â | 2089 | 83.3 |
Former smoker | Â | Â | 160 | 6.4 |
Current smoker | Â | Â | 259 | 10.3 |
Alcohol Consumption Status‡ |  |  |  |  |
Lifetime abstainer | Â | Â | 2326 | 92.7 |
Former drinker | Â | Â | 88 | 3.5 |
Current drinker | Â | Â | 94 | 3.8 |
Leisure-time Physical Activity Status§ |  |  |  |  |
Regular activity | Â | Â | 793 | 31.6 |
Some activity | Â | Â | 483 | 19.3 |
Inactive | Â | Â | 1232 | 49.1 |
Life events within the last 6 months¶ |  |  |  |  |
No | Â | Â | 1373 | 54.7 |
Yes | Â | Â | 1135 | 45.3 |